This part examines the principles of self-defence and consent, in so far as they may be relied upon to justify targeted killings abroad. It considers the law relating to the use of force by States against non-State groups abroad. The article considers the important legal challenges that the use of armed drones poses under each of the three legal frameworks mentioned above. It is argued that the legality of a drone strike under the ius ad bellum does not preclude the wrongfulness of that strike under international humanitarian law or international human rights law, and that since those latter obligations are owed to individuals, one State cannot consent to their violation by another State. The article argues that for a particular drone strike to be lawful, it must satisfy the legal requirements under all applicable international legal regimes, namely: the law regulating the use of force (ius ad bellum) international humanitarian law and international human rights law. This article provides a holistic examination of the international legal frameworks which regulate targeted killings by drones.
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